Skip to main content

sickle cell crisis | sickle cell anemia

Post a Comment

Zika virus

Zika virus

Name found its way from the zika forest in Uganda, where it was first diagnosed.
Some facts-
1. Viral illness - fever , joint pain, conjutivitis ( red eyes), rash which is similar to dengue or chikengunia. Spread by mosquito bites.
2. Not very dangerous only kids or pregnant women to be careful as they can develop some neurological side effects.
3. Its not a new disease it has been there for a long time in the world.
4. There has been no mortality in the 64 cases detected in Jaipur.
5. Testing for zika is a very difficult & we can liase with local authority or National institute of virology, pune for serological testing.
6. The only thing which needs to be taken care is if a women is infected the child in her womb can be born with birth defects.
Please treat patient symptomatically and with supportive care - fortunately for most people its not life threatening.
Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Tetanus | tetany | Hypoparathyroidism | Hypocalcemia | Disorder of parathyroid gland | hypercalcaemia | hyperparathyroidism

[Disorder of parathyroid gland]- There are two types of parathyroid disorder- 1. Hypoparathyroidism 2. Hyperparathyroidism 1. Hypoparathyroidism ( Hypocalcemia) • Hypo secretion of PTH(parathormone), leads to decrease in blood calcium level. Causes of hypoparathyroidism- a. Parathyroidectomy Surgical removal of parathyroid gland b. Thyroidectomy During Surgival removal of thyroid gland , removal of parathyroid gland c. Pseudo hypoparathyroidism •  There is deficiency of receptors for parathormone (PTH) in target cells, • in this the secretion of PTH is normal or may be increased but hormone can not act on the target cells. d. Autoimmune disease >Effect of Hypoparathyroidism- • due to decrease in resorption of calcium from bones hypoparathyroidism leads to Hypocalcemia. • it causes neuromuscular hyperexcitability , resulting in hypocalcemic tetany. * Normally tetany occurs when plasma calcium level decreases below 6mg/dl. # normal plasma calcium lev...
Post a Comment
Read more

Juxta glomerular apparatus (JGA)

JUXTA GLOMERULAR APPARATUS (JGA) •Defination It is a specialised organ situated near the glomerulus of each nephron. • Structure of JGA It is formed by three structures- 1. Macula densa 2. Juxta glomerular cells 3. Extra glomerular mesangial cells 1. Macula densa- - it is situated between afferent and efferent arterioles of the nephron. - it is very close to afferent arteriole. - it is formed by cuboidal epithelial cells. 2. Juxta glomerular cells- - also called granular cells  Because they contain secretary granules in their cytoplasm. - JG cells are smooth muscle cells. - JG cells situated in the wall of afferent arteriole just before it enters the bowman capsule. - JG cells are mostly present in tunica media and tunica adventitia of the wall of afferent arteriole. # Polar cushion / polkissen It is a thick cuff that is formed by JG cells around the afferent arteriole before it enters the bowman capsule. 3. Extra glomerular mesangial cells- Also called-...
Post a Comment
Read more

What is synapse? | EPSP | IPSP | types of synapse | excitatory synapse | inhibitory synapse

[SYNAPSE]- • synapse is the junction between two neurons. • it is only a physiological continuity between two Nerve cells. CLASSIFICATION OF SYNAPSE Synapse is classified by two methods- 1. Anatomical classification 2. Functional classification  ANATOMICAL CLASSIFICATION • generally synapse is formed by axon of one neuron ending on the cell body, dendrite or axon of the next neuron. > On the basis of ending of  axon, synapse is classified into three types- 1. Axo-axonic synapse 2. Axo-dendritic synapse 3. Axo-somatic synapse 1. Axo-axonic synapse Axon of one neuron terminates on axon of another neuron. 2. Axo-dendritic synapse Axon of one neuron terminates on dendrite of another neuron. 3. Axo-somatic synapse Axon of one neuron Ends on cell body (soma) of another neuron. FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION • it is based on mode of impulse transmission. 2 types 1. Electrical synapse 2. Chemical synapse (Generally synapse word refers to chemical synapse) ...
Post a Comment
Read more