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What is sex ratio? | Sex ratio in India | sex ratio at birth | child sex ratio

SEX RATIO-
'' the no. Of females per 1000 males.''
• Sex composition is one of the basic demographic characteristics of the population.
• In any study of population, analysis of the sex composition plays a vital role.

• The sex composition of the population is affected by the differentials in mortality conditions of males and females, sex selective migration and sex ratio at birth.
• '' female deficit syndrome'' is considered adverse because of social implications.

• a low sex ratio indicates strong male child preference and consequent gender inequities, neglect of the girl child resulting in higher mortality at younger age, female infanticide, female foeticide, higher maternal mortality and male bias in enumeration of population.

• easy availability of the sex determination test and abortion services may also be proving to be catalyst in the process, which may be further stimulated by preconception sex selection facilities.

SEX RATIO IN INDIA-

YEAR - SEX RATIO

 1901.  - 972
1911.  - 964
1921.  - 955 
1931 . - 950
1941 . - 945
1951 . - 946
1961 . - 941
1971.  - 930
1981 . - 934
1991 . - 927
2001 . - 933
2011 . - 940

 The sex ratio in India has been generally adverse to women, i.e. the no. Of women per 1000 men has generally been less than 1000.

Apart from being adverse to women, the sex ratio has also declined over the decades.

SEX RATIO AT BIRTH-

sex ratio at birth can be affected by sex-selectivity at birth.
* The sex ratio at birth for India for the year 2012-2014 has been estimated at 906.
It varies from 907 in rural areas to 905 in urban areas.

Among the bigger states, the sex ratio at birth varies from 974 in Kerala to 866 in Haryana.

In the rural areas, the highest and lowest sex ratio at birth are in the state of chattisgarh (982) and Punjab (863).

The sex ratio in the urban areas varies from 985 in Kerala to 848 in Uttarakhand.

SEX RATIO AT BIRTH BY RESIDENCE IN INDIA-

 state                          total   rural    urban
Andhra Pradesh       919       917       925
Assam                        918       919       908
Bihar                          907 .     909.      889
Chhattisgarh            973.       982.      921
Delhi                          876 .      899.      873
Gujarat                     907.       917 .      890
Haryana                   866 .      869 .      859
Himachal Pradesh  938.       940 .     901
Jammu&Kashmir    899 .      899 .     897
Jharkhand.               910.       918 .     867
Karnataka.               950.       957 .     936
Kerala .                     974 .       970 .     985
Madhya Pradesh .   927 .       925.      934
Maharashtra           896.        888 .      908
Odisha .                    953.        957.       922
Punjab                      870 .       863.       881
Rajasthan .              893 .        896.       880
Tamilnadu .             921.         923.       918
Uttar Pradesh         869 .        886.       882
Uttarakhand           871 .         879 .     848
West Bengal .          952.          949.      964
India .                      906 .         907 .    905

 Child sex ratio-(0-6yr)

Census 2011 marks a considerable fall in child sex ratio in the age group of 0-6yr and has reached an all time low of 914 since 1961.

The falls has been 13 points from 927 to 914 for the country during 2001 to 2011.

In the rural areas, the fall has been significant -15 points from 934 to 919.

In the urban areas it has been -4 points from 906 to 902 over the decade.

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