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Addison disease | adrenal crisis | adrenal Insufficiency | addisonian crisis | skin pigmentation

ADDISON DISEASE-
Chronic adrenal insufficiency
• if adrenal cortex fails to secrete corticosteroids it is known as addison disease.
 

 TYPES OF ADDISON DISEASE
3types
1. Primary addison disease
2. Secondary addison disease
3. Nursery addison disease

1. Primary addison disease
It occurs due to adrenal cause.
2. Secondary addison disease
It occurs due to failure of anterior pituitary to secrete ACTH.
3. Tertiary addison disease
it occurs due to failure of hypothalamus to secrete corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)

CAUSES OF PRIMARY ADDISON DISEASE
a. Destruction of the gland because of Tuberculosis.
b. destruction of hormone secreting cells in adrenal cortex by malignant tissues.
c. Congenital failure to secrete cortisol.
d. Adrenalectomy ( surgical removal of adrenal gland) and failure to take hormone therapy.
e. Atrophy of adrenal cortex due to autoimmune disease.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
signs and symptoms develop in addison disease because of deficiency of both cortisol and aldosterone hormone.
common signs and symptoms-
a. Muscular weakness.
b. Dehydration with loss of sodium
c. Hypotension (decrease in bp)
d. Hyperglycemia ( decrease sugar level)
e. Susceptibility to any type of infection
f. decrease in size of the heart due to decrease in cardiac output and workload of the heart.
g. Pigmentation of skin and mucous membrane due to access ACTH secretion induced by cortisol deficiency.
(ACTH causes pigmentation by its melanocyte stimulating action.)


h. Nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea.
Prolonged vomiting and diarrhoea cause dehydration and loss of body weight.
I. Inability to withstand any stress resulting in addisonian crisis.


TEST FOR ADDISON DISEASE-
1. Urine test
Measurement of amount of Steroids excreted in urine.
2. Blood test
Measurement of blood level of cortisol and aldosterone.


#ADDISONIAN CRISIS
  ADRENAL CRISIS
  ACUTE ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY
• it is a common symptom of addison disease.
• it is characterized by sudden collapse associated with an increase in need for large quantities of glucocorticoids.
• the condition becomes fatal if not treated in time.

 CAUSES OF ADRENAL CRISIS
1. Trauma.
2. Sudden withdrawal of glucocorticoid treatment.
3. Hyperglycemia due to fasting.
4. Surgical operation.
5. Exposure to mild stress.
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